The Onomastic Universe of the Graphic Novel The Sandman by Neil Gaiman: Strategies and Challenges of the Ukrainian Translation

Abstract

The article provides a comprehensive translation analysis of the onomastic system in Neil Gaiman’s graphic novel The Sandman within the context of its modern Ukrainian translation. This study explores how proper names function as essential meaning-bearing elements in a unique intermedial setting. The onomasticon incorporates diverse mythological traditions – Ancient, Norse, and Sumerian – alongside biblical allusions and significant links to DC Comics lore. Within the theoretical framework, the definitions of “onomastic”, “onym”, and various sub-types of onyms are clarified, allowing for a more precise classification of the names of fictional entities and locations within the graphic narrative. It is substantiated that onyms in Neil Gaiman’s text serve not only as means of nomination but also as powerful cognitive markers performing informational, pragmatic, and individualizing functions. Onyms are among the most interesting units of a literary text, as they do not merely distinguish an object from a series of similar ones but also endow it with additional expressive and semantic characteristics. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of translation strategies for rendering various categories of onyms, specifically theonyms (names of gods), anthroponyms, and toponyms. The study provides an overview of the methods used to achieve translational equivalence, including transcoding (transliteration and transcription), calquing, and the use of established historical equivalents. It is demonstrated that to preserve the author’s multilayered intent, the translator frequently resorts to combined techniques. The research demonstrates that the Ukrainian rendering of The Sandman's onomastic landscape represents a highly effective cross-cultural and linguistic transfer. The study further highlights that the translator acts as a crucial cultural mediator, ensuring that the symbolic and stylistic layers of Gaiman’s universe remain both accessible and relatable for the Ukrainian audience.