Etymology and translation into Ukrainian of phraseological units to denote human features.

Abstract

Modern English phraseology has absorbed the centuries-old experience of the
society’s development history, the products of which are both language and culture, that
influenced not only traditions and customs of the English-speaking world, but also the
richness the English language vocabulary, the deep mastery and understanding of which is
impossible without studying it origins. Modern Linguistics and translation studies focus on
units of different levels functioning, among which idioms, proverbs, and sayings occupy a
prominent place as a reflection of a certain ethnic group worldview.
The main sources of the emergence of phraseological units to denote human
characteristics are in the scope of the article analysis. The relevance of the research is
determined by the tendency to study the live language within the framework of linguistic
and cultural studies as a reflection of the inextricable connection between culture and
language while their developing.
The purpose of our investigation is to consider the etymological peculiarities of
phraseological units that describe the features of a person, their emotional state, abilities,
and their translation. Printed authentic dictionaries and electronic resources serve as a
foundation of empirical material, which has enabled the realization of the goal. The
research methodology is based on a set of methods, in particular, the all-round samples
distribution analysis, elements of quantitative analysis, the descriptive method, the method
of linguistic and cultural interpretation, which have provided adequate results.
It has been revealed that the main sources of phraseological units are the texts of the
Old and New Testaments as a result of spreading Christianity in Britain at the beginning
of the 7th century, the works of the famous English playwright W. Shakespeare, whose
expressions are called "Shakespeareisms"; fiction; live language; business and politics,
neighboring states languages.
According to the results of the analysis, phraseological units originating from the
spoken language and the Bible have the highest percentage, 27% of the lexical units each,
while fiction and distant borrowings account for 18% and 5%, respectively.